INDUCTION
MOTOR SPEED CONTROL USING ANDROID APPLICATION
ABSTRACT
“Android” the world's most popular mobile platform which is tool for
creating application that look great and take advantage of hardware
capabilities. The advantage of android is that it is an open source operating
system is used in terms of mobile application that is smart phone which will
act as a remote controller. Here the proposed system is designed to controlling
the speed of induction motor using android application where the remotely
controlling speed of induction motor is achieved. Android mobile act as a
transmitter and the received by Bluetooth receiver interfaced to AVR
microcontroller of 8051 family. AVR is an advanced version of 8051 microcontroller.
Each time data is sent by android application as per code written is executed
by AVR to deliver supply signal to triac through optical isolation. Hence the
power to load connected in series with triac is controlled based on received
signal and speed control of induction motor is achieved.
Keywords- triac, zero crossing detector, AVR microcontroller, optocoupler
INTRODUCTION
For the improvement of quality product many industrial application requires
adjustable speed and constant speed. Due to rapid advance in automation and
process control the field of adjustable speed drives continuously. In recent
technology, various alternate techniques are available for the selection of
speed of drive system. Up to the 1980‟s the dc motor was the choice for
variable speed drive application. Induction motors are using any application
such as Industrial drives control, automotive control, etc. In past few years
there has been a great demand in industry for adjustable speed drives. Fan,
pump, Compressors, domestic applications and paper machines etc... In this area
DC motor was very popular but having many disadvantages so that microcontroller
transformed research and development toward control of ac drive. When the three
phase supply is not available for domestic and commercial application, there we
are using single phase induction motor which is one of the most widely used
type of low power motor in the world An induction or asynchronous motor is a
type of AC motor where power is supplied to the rotor by means of
electromagnetic induction, rather than by slip rings and commutator as in slip-ring
AC motors. It has a squirrel-cage rotor identical to a single phase and 3-phase
motor winding on the stator. There are various methods for controlling the
speed of AC motors. There are several of method is available for speed control
of ac motor one of the method is two vary frequency and voltage of motor. Speed
modulation of a single-phase motor is usually achieved either by some electrical
means, such as reducing supply voltage by auto-transformer, or by switching
windings to change the number of motor poles for different operating condition
as required.
For changing the speed of capacitor run motor as shown in fig.1 voltage
control is best method, but it allows only limited speed range to be obtained.
Now frequency acts as interesting alternative to voltage control. The most
appropriator actuators for variable speed drive is seem to be capacitor run
drive. In our project the speed of induction motor, control with the help of
android apps that comes under wireless technology. Android application use here
as a transmitter and remote control in order control the speed of induction
motor with the help of Bluetooth as a receiver.
Figure1: Capacitor run single phase induction motor
SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE
In this project, the hardware and software function are combined to make
the system reliable. Figure 2 shows the block diagram representation of the
systems to be designed and implemented. The Block diagram consists of:
Microcontroller, LCD Display, Bluetooth module, Switching assembly, Power
supply, Load (either ac motor or bulb), Android application
Figure 2: Block Diagram
BLOCK DIAGRAM DESCRIPTION
Microcontroller is the heart of the system. We have used Atmega16
microcontroller in this project. It is getting a 5V power supply from
transformer. It is also interfaced with the 16×2 LCD Display, Bluetooth module,
optoisolator, triac & induction motor.
Atmega16 is high-performance, low-power 8-bit Microcontroller provided by
ATMEL AVR. It is having a modified Harvard architecture. Power supply is
provided through microcontroller. The atmega 16 that is microcontroller will be
interfacing with the Bluetooth module that will act as transmitter for the microcontroller
and it will act as receiver to the android application. The necessary data to
control the speed of induction motor will be provided to the controller and
with the help of android application remotely controlling speed of induction
motor is achieved. The optoisolator is used to drive the triac which provides
complete pulse to the motor in order to rotate and to control the speed of
inductor motor via android application.
WORKING
As shown in above figure transformer T1 step downs 230 V AC into 9 V AC and
this is given to bridge rectifier. This rectified output is directly fed to
base of Q1 through resistors R1 & R2. Same rectified output is filtered
through C1 and given to voltage regulator IC 7805. Output of 7805 is regulated
5 VDC that is given as biasing voltage for both transistors Q1 & Q2 (same
regulated 5 V supply is given to main control section also). Both transistors
are connected in switch configuration. The final output „C‟ is given to main control
section.
Figure 3: zero crossing
detector
As shown in below figure micro controller ATmega16 along with opto coupler
MOC3011 (for triggering TRIAC) and common Anode type bar graph display (for
indicating angle) are used for changing firing angle of TRIAC. Signal 'C' from
zero crossing detector circuit is directly given to pin no 13 (INT1) that is
external interrupt 1 (PD.3) pin. All port PA pins are connected with cathode of
bar graph display It is used to show the status of the motor power and zero
cross circuit.
Figure 4: Basic circuit diagram
PD.7 is connected with input of opto-coupler MOC3011. Output of MOC3011 is
connected with gate of TRIAC. TRIAC is connected in loop with AC motor and 230
VAC supply as shown. RC snubber circuit is connected is connected in parallel
with TRIAC. A 16MHz crystal along with two 22pf capacitor is connected with
crystal input pins. Capacitor C2 with Resistor R6 performs power on reset.
Figure 5: firing
angle circuit
APPLICATIONS
1. In home automation application, convinced of remotely controlling the
speed of fan is achieved.
2. Many industrial applications require adjustable speed and constant speed
for improvement of quality product.
3. Intensity of light can also be controlled with the help of android
application.
4. Bell drive application like small conveyors, large blowers, pumps as
well as many direct drive or geared application.
5. Wood working machinery air compressors, high processors, water pumps,
vaccum pump and high torque application.
ADVANTAGES
1. Remote operation is achieved by any smart-phone /tablet
etc. With android os.
2. Technically expert controller is not required.
3. Android app is an open source system to develop any programming code.
4. Programming code is not always required to change for different input
parameters.
5. Bluetooth consumes less power so more preferable.
6. More useful for the patient and disabled person.
CONCLUSION
The objective of a project has been achieved which has been developing the
hardware and software for controlling speed of induction motor using android
application. The demand for wireless operating device increases, it is more
preferable over wired devices. Here we are controlling speed of induction motor
using Bluetooth and android application wirelessly.
REFERENCES
[1] Rakesh Parekh (2003). AC Induction Motor Fundamentals. Microchip
Technology Inc.
[2] Muhammad H. Rashid: “Power Electronics Circuits, Devices &
Application” PHI, New Delhi, 2001.
[3] Salivahanan, S.Suresh, N., and Vallavaraj, A. “Electronic Devices
and Circuit”, Fourth Edition, Tada Seventh Edition, 2000, McGraw-Hill
Publishing Company Limited.
[4] Bayindir R., Sefa İ., “Novel approach based on microcontroller to
online protection of induction motors”, Energy Conversion and Management,
48 (3): 850-856, (March 2007).
[5] Zero Crossing Detectors by SUNPLUS.
[6] Petermutschler Darmstatd University Of Technology Department Of Power
Electronics And Drives: A New Speed Control Method For Induction Motors
[7] Atul M.Gajare Nitin R.Bhasme A Review On Speed Control Techniques Of
Single Phase Induction Motors, ISSN 2249- 6343,International Journal Of
Computer Technology And Electronics Engineering,Volume 2, Issue 5,October 2012
[8] Stephen L. Herman, electricMotor Control, 9th edition.
[9] J. Zhang, “Single phase input cycloconverters driving an induction
motor” Ph.D. thesis, University of Technology, Sydney.
[10] Modern Applied Science Vol 5, No 3 (2011). A Novel Approach to Analog
Signal Isolation through Digital
Opto-coupler (YOUTAB)
[11] Agilent Technologies Introduces Industry's Fastest Optocouplers.
Business Wire. December 2, 2002.
[12] Safety Considerations When Using Optocouplers and Alternative Isolators
for Providing Protection Against Electrical Hazards. January 2010. Retrieved
November 5, 2010.
[13] M.D. Singh, K.B. Khanchandani, Power Electronics,
Second Edition, Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi, 2007, pages 148-152.
[14] "Philips Semiconductors Product specification Triacs BT138
series". 090119 nxp.com
[15] www.bluetooth.com
[16] www.palowireless.com
[17] Johansson and Gerla’s Bluetooth Tutorial at Mobicom 2001.
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