DESIGN OF AN INTELLIGENT AND
EFFICIENT LIGHT CONTROL
SYSTEM
ABSTRACT
Recently, many
researches has been carried out to save the energy in many aspects such as
producing a device which consumes very less energy or designing a system which
helps to reduce the power consumption using the existing devices. In this paper,
a room light control system is proposed which is named as light control system
(LCS). This proposed system will able to provide the needed light which
provides the satisfaction of users and will provide energy saving and
management.
In this paper
the Lighting Control System and the decision making algorithm, are discussed.
As per the algorithm the system will first check any occupant is there in the
room. If so then the system will check the intensity of light in the room and
if it is low then it will switch on the light. Our proposed system can able to
minimize the energy consumed for lighting in a room and can able to provide it
efficiently.
Keywords: Lighting Control system, Energy
saving, LDR, PIR sensor
INTRODUCTION
Power saving has
become a necessary thing in our day to day life. Many conventional powers
saving methods such as using electrical devices which consumes very less energy
or cutting off the entire power supply for a scheduled time for a particular area
are not efficient and there will be a lot discomforts to the users and cost may
also increase to use a low power electrical device.
Buildings are
responsible for up to 40% of energy usage. Most part of this energy is used
mainly for maintaining good lighting such that the workers feel comfortable.
Nowadays the newly constructed modernized or automated buildings may have
lighting system to improve the comfort of occupants and to save the energy. But
there is large number of old buildings which contains the traditional lighting
system. To reduce the energy consumption in those types of buildings and to
help the owners of that building in terms of saving electricity bill an intelligent
and an effective method is discussed in this paper.
Because of
advancement in Sensor technology a very cheap and portable methods to measure
our surroundings are available.
The amounts of
light required to for a good environment to work comfortably in various areas
are shown in table 1 which is recommended by CIBSE lighting guides.’
Table 1 Required intensity of light for various
environments
EXISTING
SYSTEM
This section
describes about the most commonly used lighting control system used in
buildings. Since this method is going to use wireless sensor network it is mandatory
to know the operation of existing lighting control system. It can be decided that
energy loss is occurred with a lighting system when the lighting system
illuminates a light which is an area which is not being used currently at that
particular time or when it illuminates a light even though sufficient lighting
is available to work.
The most
commonly used lighting systems are explained below.
A Switch
operated manually:
In this method a
user has to switch ON and OFF the required lights. Since the user can switch on
and off the lights as per their preferences there is a chance of keeping the
lights in on state even though it was not need during that time. This may occur
because of carelessness of user and a large amount of power is wasted.
This approach
first checks whether any occupants are there in the room or not.
If anybody is
there in that room then it checks the intensity of light, if it is enough then
it won’t switch on the light otherwise it switch on the light.
By
Detecting Occupants:
The lighting
system with occupant detection uses passive infrared sensor (PIR).
This PIR sensor
detects any movement is present in that particular area. If any movement is
there means then this system automatically switches ON the lights. If timers
are not used in this type of system means then the lights will be kept in ON state
even after the user left the place. Because of this fault also a large amount
of energy can be wasted. Then another drawback about this type of system is, it
will switch ON the lights when there is an occupant is present in that area.
But there is a possibility of enough lighting will be there at that particular
time.
This system is
not going to check the intensity of light before switching on the lights.
Because of this also a large amount of energy can be lost.
PROPOSED
SYSTEM
The proposed
system overcomes all the drawbacks of existing system. This system takes two
things into account before taking any action, namely (1) human presence and (2)
intensity of light. The system consists of a PIR sensor (Parallax 555- 28027)
and an LDR (NORP 12). The PIR sensor is used to detect whether any occupants are
there in that room and LDR is used to detect the intensity of light in that room.
Apart from this an algorithm can be implemented in our system which uses both the
LDR and PIR sensor to decide whether to switch on the light or not.
Fig.1. Setup of proposed system
SYSTEM
DESIGN:
4.1 Block
diagram:
Figure 2 Block
Diagram for the proposed system.
This system can
be implemented using a PIC 16F877A, a LDR, A PIR sensor and the lights can be
controlled by relays.
The LDR sensor
will keep on sensing the intensity of light and sends it to the microcontroller.
The PIR sensor will send a signal to the microcontroller if there is any occupant
in the room. If anybody is present in the room then the microcontroller compares
the sensed value of intensity in the room with the value already stored in the microcontroller.
If the sensed value is less than the value stored in the microcontroller then the
light will be switched on by connecting the relay.
ALGORITHM
Step 1: Start
Step 2: Check
whether any occupant is there in the room using PIR sensor.
Step 3: If any
Occupants is there means then compare the intensity of light in the room which
was sensed by LDR. If nobody was there means then after some time delay again
go to step 1.
Step 4: If the
sensed intensity is less than the required level, then switch on the light or
if it was enough means then after some time delay proceed to step 1.
As per the
algorithm our system will first check whether any occupants are there in the room
with the help of PIR sensor where the system has been installed. If any
occupants are there then it will check the value of light luminance which is
sensed through LDR and then the sensed value will be compared with the value
stored in the microcontroller, if the value is less than the lights will be
switched on or if the sensed value is greater than the stored value then it
will wait for some time and again it will from the first.
While checking
for occupants if no one is there in the room then the system will wait for some
time (delay), which can be programmed in the microcontroller then it will start
from the first step.
FLOWCHART
RESULTS
The proposed
system has been implemented in a room with four lights each of 40 watts. Since
it is normal classroom where evening classes are also conducted the intensity
required has been set to 500 lux which was set as the reference level in microcontroller.
Before implementing this system, around 800 watts of energy was consumed per
day. After implementing this system in that room it has been considerably reduced
to 480 Watts. Thus on using this system a large amount of energy can be saved.
CONCLUSION
The proposed
system can able to reduce the power consumption to the maximum limit and also
this system will help us to keep the working environment in a pleasant and
comfortable manner. In this system the number of persons present in the room
(Person counter) can be included and also the data transmission from PIR sensor
to microcontroller can be implemented through wireless such that the system
will become a scalable one in the sense a single system can able to control a
large number of rooms.
Apart from these
things the system can be upgraded to allow the users to configure the intensity
of light in real time.
REFERENCES
[1] CIBSE.
Reasoning about naming systems. The Chartered Institution of Building Services
Engineers, 2002.
[2] Intelligent
Energy Conservation System Design Based on Hybrid Wireless Sensor Network
Hung-Cheng Chen Department of Electrical Engineering, National Chin-Yi
University of Technology, Taiwan, Teng-Fa Tsao Department of Electrical
Engineering, Nan Kai University of Technology, Taiwan , Chun-Liang Hsu
Department of Electrical Engineering, St. John’s University, Taiwan IPCSIT vol.
23 (2012).
[3] Evaluation
of Energy-Efficiency in Lighting Systems using Sensor Networks Declan T.
Delaney, Gregory M.P. O’Hare, and Antonio G. Ruzzelli CLARITY: Centre for
Sensor Web Technologies University College Dublin
[4] Intelligent
Lighting System Using Wireless Sensor Networks A.A.Nippun Kumaar , Kiran.G
,Sudarshan TSB Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Amrita Vishwa
Vidyapeetham, School Of Engineering, Bangalore Campus, India IJASUC Vol.1,
No.4, December 2010
[5] Microchip
Technology Inc. PIC16F877A Datasheet, RevisionC, 2003.
[7]
Datasheet of NORP 12 LDR
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